Anatomy and physiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Anatomy and physiology - Essay Example From here lateral lemniscuses column (3rd order neurons) go to the inferior colliculi and superior colliculi that also receives visual impulse and acts as an integration center to carry impulse to the primary auditory cortex of the CNS in the temporal lobe at Brodmann area 41 and 42. The visual pathway was carried from the eyes to the optic nerve to the visual cortex. The afferent auditory neurons from the organ of corti (inner ear) and auditory cortex involves many synapses which are in the brain stem and medial geniculate body of thalamus. The brain stem causes the input for arousal and alertness. The thalamus sorts and relays signals upwards to generate the action in the individual (Purvez, 2012) (Janmey2007).To elicit the visual response signal transduction occurred in the rod cells to convert rhopodpsin into metarhodopsin which activated trasducin. Transducin blocked the sodium ions entry into the rods causing hyperpolarization which caused liberation of inhibitory neurotransmitter release from rods. Thus the inhibition on the bipolar cells was lifted and they got stimulated to release glutamate. Glutamate acted on the ganglion cells and stimulated them that lead to activity in the optic nerve (1st order neurons). The optic nerve is the IInd Cranial nerve a nd criss -cross at the optic chiasm and reaches the lateral geniculate nucleus from where impulse go to the primary visual cortex which is the Brodmann Area 17, 18 and 19 through the optic radiations( 2nd order neurons) Further as the individual was under stress the hypothalamic locus ceruleus system got activated to release nor epinephrine that was responsible for flight or fight response (getting into action) (Purvez, 2012) (Janmey2007). The reaction starts in the amygdala which stimulates hypothalamus, which cause release of ACTH from pituitary on one hand and stimulates

Microeconomics as a Branch of Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Microeconomics as a Branch of Economics - Essay Example The graph shows the relationship between the three situations above, Where MR=Marginal Revenue, AR=Average Revenue, and MC=Marginal Cost. The output is represented by Q while price by P. A monopoly may want to reduce output from Q1=17.5units to Q3=25units so that he can sell at a higher price P3=$35 (Asian Development Bank, 2002). However, economies of scale may occur leading to a shift in marginal cost from MC1 to MC2 (Pirayoff, 2004).This shift may lead to an increase in monopolist output from Q1=17.5 Units to Q2=40 units. This may lead to a decrease in price from a competitive price to a lower price P2=$30 despite the availability of a monopoly price =$35 (Brakman and Heijdra, 2004). The reasons why there is no supply curve for a monopoly is because, in a monopoly market structure, the market is under the control of a single supplier, hence no need for supply curve (Dwivedi, 2006). (b)A gardener states that for only $1 in seeds, she has been able to grow over $20 produce-enormous profits. Do you agree or disagree with her/ explain? Yes, I agree with her because if she was operating in a monopolistic competition, it is possible to earn enormous profits in the short run as shown in the diagram. The graph shows the relationship between the three situations above, Where MR=Marginal Revenue, AR=Average Revenue, and MC=Marginal Cost. The output is represented by Q while price by P.   A monopoly may want to reduce output from Q1=17.5units to Q3=25units so that he can sell at a higher price P3=$35 (Asian Development Bank, 2002). However, economies of scale may occur leading to a shift in marginal cost from MC1 to MC2 (Pirayoff, 2004).This shift may lead to an increase in monopolist output from Q1=17.5 Units to Q2=40 units. This may lead to a decrease in price from a competitive price to a lower price P2=$30 despite the availability of a monopoly price =$35 (Brakman and Heijdra, 2004).The reasons why there is no supply curve for a monopoly is because, in a monopoly market structure, the market is under the control of a single supplier, hence no need for supply curve (Dwivedi, 2006).

Critically discuss the extent to which HPWPs may be successfully Research Paper

Critically discuss the extent to which HPWPs may be successfully implemented - Research Paper Example Basically, it can be noted that there is no universally agreed definition of HPWP but there are three key characteristics that are shared by many advocates of this model. The key attributes of this model are as follows: HPWP seeks to generate performance through the utilisation of practices which secure mutual gains for both the employees and employers, employees are treated as valuable assets and this model involves bundling of practices which yield combined benefits that are greater than the sum of their individual parts (McDuffie 1995). In order to effectively implement HPWP in the workplace, Huselid (1995) identifies three practices that are key attributes and these include the following: comprehensive recruitment and selection procedures, incentive compensation as well as extensive employee involvement and training. Employees form the back bone of every organisation hence effective recruitment as well as improving their performance are the major factors that determine success of business during the contemporary period. In most cases, employee recruitment mainly depends on the available human resources tools and their ability to cope with the environment they will be operating in. Thus, recruitment of skilled and qualified employees is a vital strategy for an organisation to function successfully with regards to high performance work practices. For any organisation to run viably, there is need to recruit the best talent in the first place as these people would be capable of being developed to become valuable assets to the organisation. The success of an organisation operating in a competitive market is mainly determined by its ability to recruit skilled people and this is a process which requires careful consideration. Recruitment involves searching for and obtaining qualified job candidates and it gives the organisation the opportunity to select the most appropriate persons to fill its job needs (Carrell, R. et al 1995). Effective recruitment often attract s individuals to the organisation and also increases the chances of retaining the individuals once they have been hired. Recruitment efforts seek to satisfy the needs of job applicants as well as the needs of managers. Recruiting the right staff is key to implementing a performance related strategy which encompasses retention of those skilled employees. In most cases, such specialist and skilled workers may be in short supply and a company may find it difficult to replace the experienced workers and training of individual employees with more skills in particular jobs. As far as these measures are put in place, the performance of the employees is likely to improve greatly given that there will be more incentives to create a sense of belongingness to the organisation by the employees. In most cases, it can be noted that organisations are run on the basis of various decisions that are made within any particular organisation. In practice, decision